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公司员工年会醉酒身亡 法院判令死者担责95%******

  □ 本报记者   章宁旦

  □ 本报通讯员 黄彩华

  春节将至,又到了人们聚餐喝酒较多的时节,但欢乐的同时也要防止乐极生悲。近日,广东省东莞市第二人民法院通报一起因年底聚餐醉酒引发的猝死索赔案。法院认定醉酒猝死者作为完全行为能力人自行担责95%,聚餐组织者担责5%,其他同桌人已尽一般社交安全义务,无需担责。

  酒后猝死:员工家属索赔逾百万元

  20多岁的吴某是深圳某公司员工,被派驻公司关联企业东莞某公司。2021年2月2日18时许,吴某和几个同事一起,在东莞某公司食堂参加年会聚餐。同桌就餐人员有何某某等6人,其间吴某喝了酒。当天20时许,吴某由同桌两人搀扶,该公司负责人跟随其后,送往公司宿舍楼休息,给其两瓶矿泉水后离开。

  吴某室友称,吴某当晚两次呕吐,他都帮忙清理了。次日上午,东莞某公司负责人带牛奶鸡蛋到宿舍探视,询问吴某是否喝多。吴某苏醒,但摆手表示不想吃东西。当天13时,室友回到宿舍,吴某听到动静后起床。室友询问吴某是否严重,吴某没有回答,看了看自己的被子、枕头、衣服说“怎么这样”,就进了洗手间。室友随即离开宿舍上班。18时许,室友下班发现吴某晕倒在宿舍洗手间,便呼喊同事救助,并拨打120。急救人员赶到,吴某已无心跳。室友随后报警。

  2021年7月,吴某家属向东莞市第二人民法院状告深圳某公司、东莞某公司以及跟吴某同桌用餐的6人,认为对方未尽安全保障义务,索赔共计111万多元。

  法院判决:聚餐组织者承担5%责任

  法院经审理认为:本案为生命权、健康权、身体权纠纷。本案关键在于吴某的死亡应由谁承担责任。

  关于吴某死因,公安机关出具的死亡证明显示死因为心源性猝死,由于未进行尸检,也没有检测血液中的酒精浓度,现已无法通过医疗检验手段确定。根据聚餐当晚与吴某同桌的两人在公安机关的陈述,吴某聚餐时喝了酒,结合吴某在聚餐后需要同桌两人搀扶回宿舍,以及回到宿舍后两次呕吐的情况可以推定,吴某死亡前存在醉酒情况。加上吴某对室友的问话未正常回应,无法正常上班,饮酒第二天即死亡,由此可推定,吴某死亡与饮酒有关。

  关于责任承担,吴某为有完全民事行为能力的成年人,应对饮酒可能造成的危险后果有足够清醒的认识,其对死亡结果承担主要责任。东莞某公司是聚餐组织者,提供了白酒、红酒、啤酒,在吴某饮酒后两次呕吐、次日无法正常上班的情况下未及时将其送医治疗,应对吴某的死亡承担一定责任。深圳某公司未组织和参与聚餐,吴某作为深圳某公司员工参与聚餐,并不属于工作任务,人社部门亦认定吴某的死亡不属于工伤,故深圳某公司无需承担责任。吴某家属未能举证证明聚餐他人存在恶意劝酒行为,餐桌上正常共同饮酒不构成侵权,因而不能产生法律上的权利义务,故同桌者没有法定救助义务。聚餐结束后,同桌两人将吴某搀扶回宿舍,另一人跟随其后,并为吴某准备矿泉水,结合没有证据证明当时存在其他异常情况,法院认定同桌者已尽到安全注意义务,没有过错。吴某家属要求同桌者对吴某死亡应当有预见性以及承担相应义务,明显超出一般社交应尽注意义务的边界,法院不予支持。

  综上,根据各方过错,法院酌定吴某自行承担95%责任,东莞某公司承担5%责任,其他被告无需担责。

  吴某家属不服,提出上诉。近日,东莞市中级人民法院终审驳回上诉,维持原判。

  法官说法:不能无限扩大同桌责任

  承办本案审判的东莞市第二人民法院法官方淑敏称,同桌吃饭一起喝酒,是社会常见现象。聚餐中,喝酒者是自身健康的第一责任人,要对自身喝酒可能产生的后果承担最大责任。如果喝酒者酒后发生意外,组织者和同桌者存在强迫性劝酒行为、明知喝酒者不能喝酒仍劝其喝酒、喝酒者失去自控能力但同桌者未安全护送、明知喝酒者酒后驾车未劝阻等情况,同桌者则需承担法律责任。但如果组织者和同桌者已尽了正常安全注意义务,则不能将其责任义务无限扩大理解,否则就会人人自危,影响正常社会交往。

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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